An Anthropological Investigation into the Tibetan Settlements in India and Nepal: A Case Study of Tso Pema and Boudhanath

　　Abstract: There are 48 Tibetan settlements in India and Nepal. The Tibetans have made multidirectional adaptation in communication and interaction with the local people. They apply bilingual or multilingual strategies in the multiethnic environment. Women’s dressing has adapted to the regional climate and adopted the local dressing elements, which forms into a unique style. Their religious belief has undergone great variations in all aspects such as in religious system, religious behavior, religious rituals, religious notions, and religious teachings. This paper is based on the field work in Tso Pema of India and Boudhanath of Nepal, where some Tibetans were interviewed and observed. This paper discusses the social issues and mental puzzles they confront.