The Five Classes Theory of Buddhism and the Padārtha Theory of Brahmanism

　　ABSTRACT: Buddhism and Brahmanism are two major religions in ancient India. The two religions have profound observation on and analysis of all cosmic things and natural phenomena. The five classes theory of Buddhism and the padārtha theory of Brahmanism have shown the fundamental views of the two religions in this respect. These theories have been considered as the vital wisdom that can reach the highest realm of Buddhism or Brahmanism. In analyzing things or phenomena, the theories of the two religions have similarities and dissimilarities. It is of great significance to survey or study these theories for deeply understanding the features of Indian thought and even the oriental culture.

　　KEY WORDS: five classes theory; padārtha; Brahmanism; Buddhism; oriental philosophy