Pashtun Nationalism：Emergence and Development

　　ABSTRACT: Pashtun nationalism emerged in British India in the 1920s. Many factors, such as the development of British colonial education in India, the construction of Pashtuns’ education pilgrimage and Pashtuns’ anti-British struggle, and the exacerbation of ethnic and religious conflicts in South Asian subcontinent, bred Pashtun nationalism and the imagination of Pashtuns’ ethnic political community. After the partition of India and Pakistan, the Pashtuns’ ethnic identity is higher than national identity.Pashtun tribal areas lack government management.The backward situation in the Pashtun areas and the support of foreign forces, further strengthened the imagination to build the political community for Pashtuns.Pashtun nationalism thus develops further.